HARTĀL
Group: UPARASA
Group: UPARASA
Sanskrit Name : Hartālam
Hindi : Hartāl
Gujarati : Hartāl
English : Orpiment, Yellow Arsenic
Formula : As2S3
SYNONYMS
Āl Natbhooshan Vanshpatra Karchur
Natmandanak Vangari Kharjoor Vidalak
Shailabhooshan Chitragandha Mallagandhaj Haritāl
Tāl Romahrat Tālak Pinjara
Romaharana Alara
UTPATTI [ORIGIN]
1. According to ancient texts Talaka is said to be originated from the discharge produced during sexual acts of Lord SHIVA and Ma PARVATI i.e. ‘Sivayoh suratanandarasajam talakam’.
2. As a result of the combination of Arsenic with Sulphur.
MODERN DESCRIPTION
Introduction:
Orpiment, As2S3, is a common monoclinic arsenic sulfide mineral. It has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and a specific gravity of 3.46. It melts at 300 °C to 325 °C. Optically it is biaxial (−) with refractive indices of a=2.4, b=2.81, g=3.02.
Orpiment, though abundant than realgar, is not a common mineral. It is usually found in foliated or columnor masses with a bright yellow color.
The pure mineral contains 39% of Sulphur and 61% of Arsenic, corresponding to the formula AS2S3. It thus contains about 9% more Sulphur that does realgar.
The monoclinic orpiment crystals have the symmetry of the prismatic class. Though always, small they are distinctly Prismatic with an orthorhombic habit. It is usually in foliated or granular masses, sometimes as crusts.
Cleavage is perfect. Folias are flexible but not elastic slightly sectile.
Hardness 1.5 to 2; specific gravity 3.5; luster resinous to pearly i.e. pearly on cleavage faces and resinous at other surfaces lemon yellow color and streak translucent to opaque.
Very much realgar but differs in color, when heated to 100oc it becomes red, it however, resumes its original color on cooling but when heated to 150oc the change is permanent.
It is formed from realgar with which it is commonly associated. The mineral is non-conductor of electricity. Its sublimed in the close tube is yellow. It is found in nature and prepared artificially also by the treatment of arsenic acid with H2S under high pressure.
Orpiment is also known as "King's Yellow", "Chinese Yellow" and "Yellow Orpiment"
Historical uses
It was an important item of trade in the Roman Empire and was used as a medicine in China although it is highly toxic. It was also used as a fly poison and to poison arrows. Because of its striking colour, it was also a favourite with alchemists searching for a way to make gold, both in China and the West.
Orpiment was ground, processed and used for centuries as a pigment in painting, being one of the few clear, bright yellow pigments available to artists up until the 19th century. Orpiment presented problems, however, such as its extreme toxicity and its incompatibility with other common pigments like lead and copper-based substances such as verdigris and azurite. The use of orpiment as a pigment matter ended almost entirely with the advent of the cadmium yellows and the various dye-based colors of the 19th century.
Contemporary uses
It is presently used in the production of infrared-transmitting glass, oil cloth, linoleum; in semiconductors and photoconductors, as a pigment and in fireworks. Mixed with two parts of slaked lime, orpiment is still very commonly used in rural India as a depilatory. It is also used in the tanning industry to remove hair from hides.
VARIETIES:
1. Patratala – Uttama
2. Pindatala – Adhama
Hindi : Hartāl
Gujarati : Hartāl
English : Orpiment, Yellow Arsenic
Formula : As2S3
SYNONYMS
Āl Natbhooshan Vanshpatra Karchur
Natmandanak Vangari Kharjoor Vidalak
Shailabhooshan Chitragandha Mallagandhaj Haritāl
Tāl Romahrat Tālak Pinjara
Romaharana Alara
UTPATTI [ORIGIN]
1. According to ancient texts Talaka is said to be originated from the discharge produced during sexual acts of Lord SHIVA and Ma PARVATI i.e. ‘Sivayoh suratanandarasajam talakam’.
2. As a result of the combination of Arsenic with Sulphur.
MODERN DESCRIPTION
Introduction:
Orpiment, As2S3, is a common monoclinic arsenic sulfide mineral. It has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and a specific gravity of 3.46. It melts at 300 °C to 325 °C. Optically it is biaxial (−) with refractive indices of a=2.4, b=2.81, g=3.02.
Orpiment, though abundant than realgar, is not a common mineral. It is usually found in foliated or columnor masses with a bright yellow color.
The pure mineral contains 39% of Sulphur and 61% of Arsenic, corresponding to the formula AS2S3. It thus contains about 9% more Sulphur that does realgar.
The monoclinic orpiment crystals have the symmetry of the prismatic class. Though always, small they are distinctly Prismatic with an orthorhombic habit. It is usually in foliated or granular masses, sometimes as crusts.
Cleavage is perfect. Folias are flexible but not elastic slightly sectile.
Hardness 1.5 to 2; specific gravity 3.5; luster resinous to pearly i.e. pearly on cleavage faces and resinous at other surfaces lemon yellow color and streak translucent to opaque.
Very much realgar but differs in color, when heated to 100oc it becomes red, it however, resumes its original color on cooling but when heated to 150oc the change is permanent.
It is formed from realgar with which it is commonly associated. The mineral is non-conductor of electricity. Its sublimed in the close tube is yellow. It is found in nature and prepared artificially also by the treatment of arsenic acid with H2S under high pressure.
Orpiment is also known as "King's Yellow", "Chinese Yellow" and "Yellow Orpiment"
Historical uses
It was an important item of trade in the Roman Empire and was used as a medicine in China although it is highly toxic. It was also used as a fly poison and to poison arrows. Because of its striking colour, it was also a favourite with alchemists searching for a way to make gold, both in China and the West.
Orpiment was ground, processed and used for centuries as a pigment in painting, being one of the few clear, bright yellow pigments available to artists up until the 19th century. Orpiment presented problems, however, such as its extreme toxicity and its incompatibility with other common pigments like lead and copper-based substances such as verdigris and azurite. The use of orpiment as a pigment matter ended almost entirely with the advent of the cadmium yellows and the various dye-based colors of the 19th century.
Contemporary uses
It is presently used in the production of infrared-transmitting glass, oil cloth, linoleum; in semiconductors and photoconductors, as a pigment and in fireworks. Mixed with two parts of slaked lime, orpiment is still very commonly used in rural India as a depilatory. It is also used in the tanning industry to remove hair from hides.
VARIETIES:
1. Patratala – Uttama
2. Pindatala – Adhama
In ‘Rasajala Nidhi’ four varieties have been mentioned, Viz
1. Patratala
2. Pindatala
3. Gadanti Haratala
4. Bakadala - These two varieties are rare.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
1. Patratala – Guru [heavy], Snigdha [greasy], Swarna varna [golden color], Bhaswra[bright], having many thin lemilias. It is considered best because it does not certain much impurities.
2. Pindatala – it is just like pinda[mass], patrarahita[without lamilise], laghu[light] and swalpasatva[having low metallic content], nisprabha[dull]. It consider inferior as it may contain more impurities.
Artificial method:
Ref. RasaTarangini - 11/9-12
Su. Sankhiya 49part
Su. Gandhak 24part
Triturate in Kharal --- heat in Damru yantra ---- swangsheet ---- upper side of the pot Hartal get collected carefully --- s. hartal
PHARMACOLOGICAL &
THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES:
Rasa: Katu, Tikta, Kashaya
Guna: Snigdha, Guru, Usna
Virya: Usna
Vipak: X
Karma: Kusthahara, visa-rakth – bhutanut, stripushpaharana, romaharaka, dipana, angdipti-kantikarak, balakara, vrushya, pushtikara, ojasakara, agnikara, mrityuhara,
Doshprabhav: vatashleshmahara, tridoshghna[R.T.]
Vyadhiprabhav: vataroga, sleshmaroga, raktapitta, vatarakta, kustha, kandu, visarpa, dadru, pama, slipada, swasa, kasa, visaroga, jwara, katigraha, gudamaya, ksaya, prameha, asyaroga, vrana, raktavikara, kaphapittajroga, mrtyu,
EFFECTS OF UNPURIFIED HARTALA:
Reduced Kanti of body, raises body temperature contracts with body parts and organs, induces body pain, increases kaphavata, produces prameha and kustha rogas.
NECESSITY OF SHODHANA & MARANA:
Unpurified and reduced Talaka [orpiment] is likely to produce following effect or symptoms in the body hence; it should be purified and incinerated before use.
SHODHAN [PURIFICATION]
1. Shodhana drugs:
1. Kushmanda, 2. Churnodaka, 3. Tiktarasa, 4. Snuhidugdha,
5. Sachurnakanjika, 6. Tilataila, 7. Ksharajala, 8. Tankan
9. Salmali kashaya, 10. Jambiradrava, 11. Triphaladrava.
2. Process and Apparatus:
1. Swedana – Dolayantra for one yama to 3 days.
2. Bhavana 7-100 times, 3. Vastrapottalibandhana & pachana
4. Kshalana [Washing]
1
Rasa Tarangini 11/16-18
Nimbu swarasa
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan with nimbu sw. than in water
2
Rasa Tarangini 11/19-20
Petha swarasa, triphala kwath / lime water
Dola Yantra
1st petha sw. swedan, 2nd lime water / triphala kwath for 6hr.
3
Rasa Tarangini 11/21-22
Tila kshar jala
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
4
Rasa Tarangini 11/23-24
Shalmalimool swarasa,
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
5
Rasa Tarangini 11/25-26
Lime water
Khalva yantra
7 bhavanas
6
Rasa prakash shudhakar 6/4
Kushmand swarasa/kshar mishrit jal/ churnodak
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
7
Rasa manjjari 3/70
Tila taila
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
MĀRAN [INCINERATION]
1. Mārana drug : yavkshār, salmalikshār
2. Bhāvana drugs : brahmamula kashaya having the consistency of honey [3 times], mahish mutra, apāmārga jatajala, ksharodaka, chāngeri rasa, nimburasa, kumāri rasa.
3. Apparatus : balukāyantra, kushamandapurana, sarav-samputa
4. Agnimātra : balukāyantrapaka – 4 yāma and 12 yāma, 10-12 vanyopalagni, 12 putas
1
Rasa tarangini 11/26-29
Punarnava swarasa
Kharal, bhasmayantra
Mardan – chakrikā –bhasmayantra – fill with punarnavā kshār – heat – bhasma obtained
2
Rasa tarangini 11/30-34
Pipal bark kwath
Kharal, bhasmayantra
21 bhāvana – chakrikā – to the neck pipal bark kwāth – 12hr heat – bhasma obtained
3
Rasa tarangini 11/35-38
Ark ksheer
Kharal, bhasmayantra
Mardan – chakrikā – fill half part in B.Yantra – heat 12hr – white clrd bhasma obtained
4
Rasa tarangini 11/42-44
Palāshmool kwāth, Mahish mutra
Kharal, bhasmayantra
3 bhāvna each – chakrikā – kapitputa – heat – bhasma obtained
5
Rasa manjjari 3/72-73
Ghritakumāri swarasa
Kharal,
Valukā yantra
Bhāvana – chakrikā – sarāv samputa – 36hr heat – swāngsheet – bhasma obtained
Dose : ¼ to ½ Rati
SATVA PĀTAN
1
Rasarnav 7/76-77
Amlatas fruit kshar, kushmand swaras, punarnava swarasa
Kharal, patan yantra
1week mardan – fill in patanyantra – puta – Gaj shaped satva obtained
2
Rasa chintamani 5/119-121
Atasi taila, saindhav,
Empty iron vessel heat – add atasi taila + hartal – heat – take in clay pot – sandhi bandhan -6hr heat – obtained stava
3
Rasa prakash shudhakar 6/6-10
Kullath kwath, tankan, buffalo’s ghee, honey, errand beej
Kharal, valuka yantra
Triturate for 1day with each ingredient, dry made pills – 36hr heat – swangsheeta – white satva obtained from neck
Properties of Satva : Bright, heavy, silvery, not evaporate in contact with fire
Dose: ½ to 1 gunja
ANTIDOT:
Use kajjali and sharakara for 3 days or use yavakshar, kushmanda and rajhansas juice for 3 days. These drugs act as an antidote and thus prevent its bad effects.
IMAGES:
1. Patratala
2. Pindatala
3. Gadanti Haratala
4. Bakadala - These two varieties are rare.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
1. Patratala – Guru [heavy], Snigdha [greasy], Swarna varna [golden color], Bhaswra[bright], having many thin lemilias. It is considered best because it does not certain much impurities.
2. Pindatala – it is just like pinda[mass], patrarahita[without lamilise], laghu[light] and swalpasatva[having low metallic content], nisprabha[dull]. It consider inferior as it may contain more impurities.
Artificial method:
Ref. RasaTarangini - 11/9-12
Su. Sankhiya 49part
Su. Gandhak 24part
Triturate in Kharal --- heat in Damru yantra ---- swangsheet ---- upper side of the pot Hartal get collected carefully --- s. hartal
PHARMACOLOGICAL &
THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES:
Rasa: Katu, Tikta, Kashaya
Guna: Snigdha, Guru, Usna
Virya: Usna
Vipak: X
Karma: Kusthahara, visa-rakth – bhutanut, stripushpaharana, romaharaka, dipana, angdipti-kantikarak, balakara, vrushya, pushtikara, ojasakara, agnikara, mrityuhara,
Doshprabhav: vatashleshmahara, tridoshghna[R.T.]
Vyadhiprabhav: vataroga, sleshmaroga, raktapitta, vatarakta, kustha, kandu, visarpa, dadru, pama, slipada, swasa, kasa, visaroga, jwara, katigraha, gudamaya, ksaya, prameha, asyaroga, vrana, raktavikara, kaphapittajroga, mrtyu,
EFFECTS OF UNPURIFIED HARTALA:
Reduced Kanti of body, raises body temperature contracts with body parts and organs, induces body pain, increases kaphavata, produces prameha and kustha rogas.
NECESSITY OF SHODHANA & MARANA:
Unpurified and reduced Talaka [orpiment] is likely to produce following effect or symptoms in the body hence; it should be purified and incinerated before use.
SHODHAN [PURIFICATION]
1. Shodhana drugs:
1. Kushmanda, 2. Churnodaka, 3. Tiktarasa, 4. Snuhidugdha,
5. Sachurnakanjika, 6. Tilataila, 7. Ksharajala, 8. Tankan
9. Salmali kashaya, 10. Jambiradrava, 11. Triphaladrava.
2. Process and Apparatus:
1. Swedana – Dolayantra for one yama to 3 days.
2. Bhavana 7-100 times, 3. Vastrapottalibandhana & pachana
4. Kshalana [Washing]
1
Rasa Tarangini 11/16-18
Nimbu swarasa
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan with nimbu sw. than in water
2
Rasa Tarangini 11/19-20
Petha swarasa, triphala kwath / lime water
Dola Yantra
1st petha sw. swedan, 2nd lime water / triphala kwath for 6hr.
3
Rasa Tarangini 11/21-22
Tila kshar jala
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
4
Rasa Tarangini 11/23-24
Shalmalimool swarasa,
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
5
Rasa Tarangini 11/25-26
Lime water
Khalva yantra
7 bhavanas
6
Rasa prakash shudhakar 6/4
Kushmand swarasa/kshar mishrit jal/ churnodak
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
7
Rasa manjjari 3/70
Tila taila
Dola Yantra
3 hr. swedan
MĀRAN [INCINERATION]
1. Mārana drug : yavkshār, salmalikshār
2. Bhāvana drugs : brahmamula kashaya having the consistency of honey [3 times], mahish mutra, apāmārga jatajala, ksharodaka, chāngeri rasa, nimburasa, kumāri rasa.
3. Apparatus : balukāyantra, kushamandapurana, sarav-samputa
4. Agnimātra : balukāyantrapaka – 4 yāma and 12 yāma, 10-12 vanyopalagni, 12 putas
1
Rasa tarangini 11/26-29
Punarnava swarasa
Kharal, bhasmayantra
Mardan – chakrikā –bhasmayantra – fill with punarnavā kshār – heat – bhasma obtained
2
Rasa tarangini 11/30-34
Pipal bark kwath
Kharal, bhasmayantra
21 bhāvana – chakrikā – to the neck pipal bark kwāth – 12hr heat – bhasma obtained
3
Rasa tarangini 11/35-38
Ark ksheer
Kharal, bhasmayantra
Mardan – chakrikā – fill half part in B.Yantra – heat 12hr – white clrd bhasma obtained
4
Rasa tarangini 11/42-44
Palāshmool kwāth, Mahish mutra
Kharal, bhasmayantra
3 bhāvna each – chakrikā – kapitputa – heat – bhasma obtained
5
Rasa manjjari 3/72-73
Ghritakumāri swarasa
Kharal,
Valukā yantra
Bhāvana – chakrikā – sarāv samputa – 36hr heat – swāngsheet – bhasma obtained
Dose : ¼ to ½ Rati
SATVA PĀTAN
1
Rasarnav 7/76-77
Amlatas fruit kshar, kushmand swaras, punarnava swarasa
Kharal, patan yantra
1week mardan – fill in patanyantra – puta – Gaj shaped satva obtained
2
Rasa chintamani 5/119-121
Atasi taila, saindhav,
Empty iron vessel heat – add atasi taila + hartal – heat – take in clay pot – sandhi bandhan -6hr heat – obtained stava
3
Rasa prakash shudhakar 6/6-10
Kullath kwath, tankan, buffalo’s ghee, honey, errand beej
Kharal, valuka yantra
Triturate for 1day with each ingredient, dry made pills – 36hr heat – swangsheeta – white satva obtained from neck
Properties of Satva : Bright, heavy, silvery, not evaporate in contact with fire
Dose: ½ to 1 gunja
ANTIDOT:
Use kajjali and sharakara for 3 days or use yavakshar, kushmanda and rajhansas juice for 3 days. These drugs act as an antidote and thus prevent its bad effects.
IMAGES:
Darshit Joshi
B.Pharma [Ayurveda]
Jamangar
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